Theories Relating To Learning and Development

[rebecca_chat]

2.Choose three (3) theorists relevant to child development and learning. One theorist must relate to children’s emotional and psychological development. The second theorist must relate to social constructivism. Make a choice for your third theorist. 
Summarise the main ideas of each theory. Answer in approximately 500 words for each summary.   Some child development theorists may include:  Vygotsky, Erikson, Bruner, Piaget, Bronfenbrenner, Gardner, Bandura, Kohlberg, Skinner, Bowlby, Ainsworth, Gesell, Maslow, Chomsky, John Dewey, Pikler, Katz, Elkind, Rogoff, Smilansky, Watson, and Montessori 
 
MY ANSWER:
Emotional and psychological development
-Erik Erikson
Erik Erikson built upon Sigmund Freud’s work. He identified eight separate stages across the lifespan. He believed that in each stage we face a crisis that needs to be resolved in order for us to develop socially and emotionally. Each stage has a positive or negative outcome, though we tend not to be at either end of the spectrum. The outcome of the stage is determined by our environment, and the care giving strategies or experiences to which we are exposed.
-John Bowlby
John Bowlby examined the attachment relationship between parents and their children. He identified four phases in which attachment develops. He believed that children are born with a variety of behaviours that encourage parents and others to be near to them. These proximity-seeking behaviours include laughing, gurgling and crying. Attachment of the child and parent develops over a period of time and is mainly achieved by the routine care giving tasks that parents and children are involved in (Berk, 1996).
-Mary Ainsworth
Mary Ainsworth developed an experiment to test the quality of the attachment relationship between mothers and their children.
The Strange Situation will determine whether the infant is securely attached, insecurely attached or avoidant of the parent (Berk, 1996).

Social constructivism
-Lev Vygotsky
He believed that the environment plays an important role in a child’s development. Particularly in the social aspects of development. He focused on the notion that children internalise feelings, emotions and ideas and language is a key factor in the development of concepts .


-Jean Piaget
Sensory motor play Here an infant up to two years of age will use various
senses and motor skills to explore objects and their environment. Symbolic play In this type of play, symbols are much more evident. Children can pretend that one object is another, the cubby house becomes a rocket.
Games with rules In this stage, children are able to follow rules of games,
changing their understanding of the purpose of rules as they get older. Children in the concrete operations stage are usually also in this play stage.





PLEASE HELP ME THANK YOU!

[Lorina]

Child Theorists

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Lorina